Effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on tropical cyclone rainfall asymmetries over the North Indian Ocean     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall asymmetry is often influenced by vertical wind shear and storm motion. This study examined the effects of environmental vertical wind shear (200-850 hPa) and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry over the North Indian Ocean (NIO): the Bay of Bengal (BoB) and the Arabian Sea (AS). Four TC groups were used in this study: Cyclonic Storm (CS), Severe Cyclonic Storm (SCS), Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) and Extreme Severe Cyclonic Storm (ESCS). The Fourier coefficients for wave number-1 was used to analyze the structure of TC rainfall asymmetry. Results show that the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was predominantly in the downshear left quadrant in the BoB, while it placed to downshear right quadrant in the AS, likely due to the different primary circulation strength of the TC vortex. For the most intense cyclone (ESCS), the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was in the upshear left quadrant in the BoB, whereas it was downshear right quadrant in the AS. It is evident for both basins that the magnitude of TC rainfall asymmetry declined (increased) with TC intensity (shear strength). This study also examined the collective effects of vertical wind shear and storm motion on TC rainfall asymmetry. Here, the analysis in case of the strong shear environment (>7 m s^-1) omitted for the AS because the maximum value for this basin was about 7 m s^-1. The result showed that the downshear left quadrant was dominant in the BoB for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry. In a weak shear environment (<5 m s^-1), on the other hand, downshear right quadrant is evident for the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry in the BoB, while it placed dominantly downshear left quadrant in the AS. In the case of motion-relative wavenumber-1, the maximum TC rainfall asymmetry was dominantly downshear for both basins.  相似文献   

Interdecadal Change in the Interannual Variation of the Western Edge of theWestern North Pacific Subtropical High During Early Summer and the Influenceof Tropical Sea Surface Temperature     

詹鸿宇  陈锐丹  蓝铭 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(1):57-70

This study reveals that the interannual variability of the western edge of the western North Pacific (WNP) subtropical high (WNPSH) in early summer experienced an interdecadal decrease around 1990. Correspondingly, the zonal movement of the WNPSH and the zonal extension of the high-pressure anomaly over the WNP (WNPHA) in abnormal years possess smaller ranges after 1990. The different influences of the tropical SSTAs are important for this interdecadal change, which exhibit slow El Ni?o decaying pattern before 1990 while rapid transformation from El Ni?o to La Ni?a after 1990. The early summer tropical SSTAs and the relevant atmospheric circulation anomalies present obvious interdecadal differences. Before 1990, the warm SSTAs over the northern Indian Ocean and southern South China Sea favor the WNPHA through eastward-propagating Kelvin wave and meridional-vertical circulation, respectively. Meanwhile, the warm SSTA over the tropical central Pacific induces anomalous ascent to its northwest through the Gill response, which could strengthen the anomalous descent over the WNP through meridional-vertical circulation and further favor the eastward extension of the WNPHA to central Pacific. After 1990, the warm SSTAs over the Maritime Continent and northern Indian Ocean cause the WNPHA through meridional-vertical and zonal-vertical circulation, respectively. Overall, the anomalous warm SSTs and ascent and the resultant anomalous descent over the WNP are located more westward and southward after 1990 than before 1990. Consequently, the WNPHA features narrower zonal range and less eastward extension after 1990, corresponding to the interdecadal decease in the interannual variability of the western edge of the WNPSH. On the other hand, the dominant oscillation period of ENSO experienced an interdecadal reduction around 1990, contributing to the change of the El Ni?o SSTA associated with the anomalous WNPSH from slow decaying type to rapid transformation type.  相似文献   

再分析资料和陆面数据同化资料土壤湿度产品在中国北方地区的适用性评估          下载免费PDF全文

刘维成  徐丽丽  朱姜韬  段伯隆  孙义  郑涛 《大气科学学报》2022,45(4):616-629

土壤湿度是地球系统模拟的重要参数之一,准确获得其时空分布和变化特征是研究陆-气相互作用的基础。再分析资料和陆面数据同化资料均可提供全球或区域高分辨率土壤湿度产品,但在使用前需要对其进行评估分析。利用土壤湿度观测数据,计算ERA5、ERA5-Land、NCEP-DOE R2、CRA40再分析资料和GLDAS-Noah、GLDAS-CLSM、CLDAS陆面数据同化资料土壤湿度产品与观测数据的中位数、模拟偏差、相关系数等统计指标,并分季节和气候区讨论不同土壤湿度产品在中国北方地区的模拟效果。结果表明:整体来看,CRA40与观测值的相关性最好,ERA5和ERA5-Land分别对干中心、湿中心模拟效果更好,GLDAS-Noah对于较干土壤地区模拟略偏湿,CLDAS对较湿土壤地区模拟结果以系统性偏干为主,NCEP-DOE R2和GLDAS-CLSM模拟效果较差;ERA5、ERA5-Land、NCEP-DOE R2、GLDAS-Noah和CLDAS在所有季节均为模拟正偏差,春季模拟效果较好的是CRA40、ERA5-Land,夏季和秋季ERA5-Land、ERA5和CRA40与观测值相关性较好,不同产品模拟的冬季土壤湿度和观测值相关性是全年中最小的;不同土壤湿度产品在干旱区以模拟偏湿为主,GLDAS-Noah模拟效果最佳,但模拟土壤湿度峰值和谷值的出现时间较观测较早,GLDAS-Noah、CRA40、ERA5能较好模拟季风区干、湿土壤的持续时段和土壤湿度变化振幅,大部分产品能模拟出夏季风影响过渡区较干土壤和较湿土壤的出现时间。  相似文献   

华北汛期降水长期变化规律研究新进展          下载免费PDF全文

刘海文  袁帅  杨朝虹  武凯军  朱玉祥  林一骅 《大气科学学报》2022,45(5):700-712

华北汛期降水的年代际减少,一直是气候学领域关心的重要课题之一。本文扼要回顾了华北汛期旱涝研究的最新代表性成果,主要包括华北汛期起讫的客观识别、华北汛期降水多时间尺度的变化特征、华北汛期降水变化与大气遥相关型的关系,以及华北汛期降水量增多趋势的停滞等。在此基础之上,归纳和总结了该领域需要继续深入研究的问题,如：华北汛期起讫时间的统一性;在华北汛期降水年代际变少的归因分析中,其年际振荡成分衰减的物理原因;华北汛期降水年代际变多趋势停滞的原因;华北汛期降水何时恢复增多等科学问题。  相似文献   

孔兹岩带古元古代中期构造背景：来自卓资地区～2.2Ga紫苏碱长花岗岩的证据     

连光辉  徐仲元  任云伟  冯帆  薛吉祥 《岩石学报》2022,38(3):676-692

麻粒岩-紫苏花岗岩杂岩在华北克拉通孔兹岩带内分布较广但研究程度较低,本文对孔兹岩带东部卓资地区大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩进行了详细的岩相学、地球化学和地质年代学研究,探讨了其形成时代、岩石成因及构造背景,为孔兹岩带构造演化及孔兹岩系沉积环境提供约束。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年结果表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩形成于古元古代中期(～2.2Ga),并经历了古元古代晚期构造热事件及～1.89Ga变质作用叠加改造。岩石具有铁质、钙碱性至碱钙性、准铝质至弱过铝质特征,具有较高SiO₂、Na₂O+K₂O、Ga、Zr含量及FeO~T/(FeO~T+MgO)值,低Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO、 Sr、Cr含量及较高的全岩锆石饱和温度(835～887℃,平均860℃),与A型花岗岩指标相近。样品呈现平坦的右倾型稀土元素配分模式和弱的负Eu异常,富集K、Rb、Ba、Zr、Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。综合研究表明大什字紫苏碱长花岗岩是在弧后伸展背景下幔源岩浆上涌导致英云闪长质、花岗闪长质地壳岩石部分熔...  相似文献   

再论台湾造山带构造格架与演化过程SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

黄博宏  魏春景  季建清 《岩石学报》2022,38(4):963-979

台湾造山带是中新世晚期以来相邻菲律宾海板块往北西方向移动,导致北吕宋岛弧系统及弧前增生楔与欧亚大陆边缘斜碰撞形成的。目前该造山带仍在活动,虽然规模很小,但形成了多数大型碰撞造山带中的所有构造单元,是研究年轻造山系统的理想野外实验室,为理解西太平洋弧-陆碰撞过程和边缘海演化提供了一个独特的窗口。本文总结了二十一世纪以来对台湾造山带的诸多研究进展,讨论了其构造单元划分及演化过程。我们将台湾造山带重新划分为6个构造单元,由西至东分依次为:(1)西部前陆盆地;(2)中央山脉褶皱逆冲带;(3)太鲁阁带;(4)玉里-利吉蛇绿混杂岩带;(5)纵谷磨拉石盆地;(6)海岸山脉岛弧系统。其中,西部前陆盆地为6.5Ma以来伴随台湾造山带的隆升剥蚀形成沉积盆地。中央山脉褶皱逆冲带为新生代(57~5.3Ma)欧亚大陆东缘伸展盆地沉积物由于弧-陆碰撞受褶皱、逆冲及变质作用改造形成的。太鲁阁带是造山带中的古老陆块,主要记录中生代古太平洋俯冲在欧亚大陆活动边缘形成的岩浆、沉积和变质岩作用。玉里-利吉蛇绿混杂岩带和海岸山脉岛弧系统分别为中新世中期(~18Ma)以来南中国海板块向菲律宾海板块之下俯冲形成的岛弧和弧前增生楔,其中玉里混杂岩中有典型低温高压变质作用记录,变质年龄为11~9Ma;岛弧火山作用的主要时限为9.2~4.2Ma。纵谷磨拉石盆地记录1.1Ma以来的山间盆地沉积。台湾造山带的构造演化可划分为4个阶段:(a)古太平洋板块俯冲与欧亚大陆边缘增生阶段(200~60Ma);(b)欧亚大陆东缘伸展和南中国海扩张阶段(60~18Ma);(c)南中国海俯冲阶段(18~4Ma);(d)弧-陆碰撞阶段(<6Ma)。台湾弧-陆碰撞造山带是一个特殊案例,其弧-陆碰撞并不伴随着弧-陆之间的洋盆消亡,而是由于北吕宋岛弧及弧前增生楔伴随菲律宾海板块运动向西北方走滑,仰冲到欧亚大陆边缘,形成现今的台湾造山带。  相似文献   

Tectonic evolution of the Late Paleozoic Early Mesozoic orogenic belt in the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Block: Evidence from meta volcanic rocks of Jianshanzi,northern Liaoning ProvinceSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

Zhang Nuo  Wang ChangBing  Liu ZhengHong  Xu ZhongYuan  Li Gang  Xuan YuFei  Gao Yu  Wang Chen 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2323-2344

LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, whole -rock geochemistry and Hf isotopic analyses for the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks in the Kaiyuan area are presented to explore the Late Paleozoic -Early Mesozoic tectonic evolution history of the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block. The detailed research indicates that the protolith of Jianshanzi metamorphic volcanic rocks includes rhyolite, dacite and andesite, they are calc-alkaline series and metaluminous-weak peraluminous rocks. According to the zircon U-Pb dating, the metamorphic rhyolite and metamorphic andesite formed in the Late Permian (256. 1 +/- 1. 5Ma, 252.4 +/- 1. 7Ma) and the Late Triassic (222. 4 +/- 1. 8Ma, 227. 9 +/- 1. 2Ma), respectively. They are characteristized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, and depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements. Metamorphic rhyolite has an obvious negative Eu anomaly with epsilon(Hf) ( t) values of 10. 83 + 8. 10 and the second -stage model are 698 similar to 1967Ma. They are mainly due to the partial melting of the juvenile basaltic lower crust and the contamination of a small amount of ancient crustal materials. Metamorphic andesite has no obvious Eu anomaly, and the epsilon(Hf)( t) value and the second -stage model are +4.54 similar to + 6. 79 and 825 similar to 968 Ma, which may be the product of partial melting of basic lower crust. There are two periods of magmatism in Jianshanzi volcanic rocks: Late Permian -Early Triassic (247 similar to 256Ma) and Late Triassic (similar to 225Ma). The material composition of the Jianshanzi volcanic rocks is characterized by different times and different tectonic backgrounds. It is comprehensively believed that the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China block was in an active continental margin tectonic environment during the Permian, and the Palaeo-Asian Ocean subducted in both directions; Mantle -derived magma ascends and emplaces, forming a nascent crust and causing crustal thickening. The Paleo-Asian Ocean finally closed in the early Middle Triassic, and the impact of collisional orogeny may have continued until the early Late Triassic.  相似文献   

柴北缘托莫尔日特地区变基性火山岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义     

王振强  张照伟  丁培超  冯建之  薛志强  吕达鑫 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(3):491-503

托莫尔日特-赛坝沟蛇绿混杂岩带位于柴北缘结合带东段,对该蛇绿混杂岩带中的变火山岩进行了系统的年代学及岩石地球化学研究。结果表明,变基性火山岩SiO₂含量为47.78%～50.01%,MgO含量为4.52%～9.36%,~TFeO含量为8.00%～14.94%,K₂O含量为0.04%～0.80%,Na₂O含量为1.02%～4.20%,具典型的拉斑玄武质岩浆特征。微量元素上表现出轻稀土元素弱亏损,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素特征,表明该基性岩很可能形成于弧后盆地环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,变基性火山岩年龄为480.1±1.8 Ma。综合区域地质资料,认为原特提斯洋在早奥陶世已经开始了俯冲消减作用。  相似文献   

Precambrian Tectonic Affinity of the Southern Langshan Area, Northeastern Margin of the Alxa Block: Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Dating and Lu-Hf Isotopes     

NIU Pengfei  QU Junfeng  ZHANG Jin  ZHANG Beihang  ZHAO Heng 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(5):1516-1533

The Alxa Block is the westernmost part of the North China Craton (NCC), and is regarded as one of the basement components of the NCC. Its geological evolution is of great significance for the understanding of the NCC. However, the Precambrian basement of the Alxa Block is still poorly studied. In this study, we present new in situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope data from the Diebusige Metamorphic Complex (DMC) which located in the eastern Alxa Block. Field and petrological studies show that the DMC consists mainly of metamorphic supracrustal rocks and minor metamorphic plutonic rocks and has experienced amphibolite-granulite facies metamorphism. Zircon U-Pb dating results suggested that the amphibolite sample yields a crystallization age of 2636 ± 14 Ma and metamorphic ages of 2517–2454 Ma and 1988–1952 Ma, proving the existence of exposed Archean rocks in the Langshan area and indicating that late Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic events existed in the Alxa Block. Two paragneiss samples show that the magmatic detrital zircons from the DMC yield 207Pb/206Pb ages ranging from 2.48 Ga to 2.10 Ga with two youngest peaks at 2.13 Ga and 2.16 Ga, respectively, and they were also overprinted by metamorphic events at 1.97–1.90 Ga and 1.89–1.79 Ga. Compilation of U-Pb ages of magmatic detrital and metamorphic zircons suggested that the main part of the DMC may have been formed at 2.1–2.0 Ga. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope data show that the source materials of the main part of the DMC were originated from the reworking of ancient Archean crust (3.45–2.78 Ga). The Hf isotope characteristics and the tectonothermal event records exhibit different evolution history with the Khondalite Belt and the Yinshan Block and the other basements of the Alxa Block, indicating that the Langshan was likely an independent terrain before the middle Paleoproterozoic and was subjected to the middle to late Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal events with the Khondalite Belt as a whole.  相似文献   

The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny: A Metamorphic Perspective     

WANG Jiamin  WU Fuyuan  ZHANG Jinjiang  Gautam KHANAL  YANG Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1842-1866

This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic core. The Himalayan orogeny was divided into three stages. Stage 60–40 Ma: The Himalayan crust thickened to ~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism (15–25 °C/km), and the Himalaya rose from <0 to ~1000 m. Stage 40–16 Ma: The crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km, resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis (peak-P, 15–25 °C/km; peak-T, >30 °C/km). The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the Eo-Himalayan thrust, High Himalayan thrust, and Main Central thrust, and the Himalaya rose to ≥5,000 m. Stage 16–0 Ma: the mountain roots underwent localized delamination, causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism (30–50 °C/km), and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of ~6,000 m. Underplating and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’ growth and topographic rise, conforming to the critical taper wedge model. Localized delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic rise. Future Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events, contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization, metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts.  相似文献